OXY FUEL CUTTING, JUST THE FACTS:

Ed, on right, gave oxy-fuel, manual and mechanized cutting work shops
to over 400 weld shops in the eighties. He provided comparisons of
oxy fuel equipment and the differences between the fuel gases.

 

INDUSTRIAL GASES FOR CUTTING STEELS
NATURAL GAS

 

NATURAL GAS (NG) DATA - CH4
NG METHANE IS RARELY TOXIC

TO USE NATURAL GAS FOR CUTTING HEATING
OR BRAZING AT YOUR PLANT YOU WILL NEED
NAT GAS PRESSURE BOOSTERS, ONE COMPANY
THAT SUPPLIES THIS IS G-TEC NATURAL GAS SYSTEMS,
BUFFALO NY,

NG CAUSES ASPHYXIATION OVER
50% VOLUME IN AIR

High Btu in Secondary Flame is good for cutting thick steels

 

USING NATURAL GAS INSTEAD OF ACETYLENE CAN REDUCE GAS INSTALLATION AND INSURANCE COSTS.

FRACTURING OCCURS IF LIQUID NG
HAS CONTACT WITH CARBON STEEL

 

LIQUID NATURAL GAS CAN CAUSE
FREEZE BURNS

NATURAL GAS IN CONTRAST TO PROPANE IS LIGHTER
THAN AIR SO IF LEAKS OCCUR THEY TYPICALL DISSIPATE
ALSO NAT GAS CAN BE USED AT HIGHER PRESSURES THAN ACET.

 

This is a good application for NG as its lighter than air

 

1-lb NG = 23.6 cf
1kg NG = 1.47 cu m

NG FLAME TEMPERATURE WITH
OXYGEN 4600oF 2538oC

NATURAL GAS FLAME VELOCITY
IN OXY 13.6 ft/sec

 

NG PRIMARY FLAME WITH OXYGEN
11 btu/cf 0.4 MJ/cum

NG SECONDARY FLAME WITH OXYGEN
989 btu/cf 37 MJ/cum

NG TOTAL HEAT VAPORIZATION
1000 btu/cf 37 MJ/cum

NG TOTAL HEAT VAPORIZATION
2300 btu/lb 56000 KJ/kg

NG AUTO IGNITION TEMP AIR
1 atm 101.3kPa = 999oF 537oC

NG CRITICAL DENSITY
10.1 lb/cf 162 kg/cum

NG CRITICAL PRESSURE
673.3 psi 4640 kPa

NG CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
-115.7oF -82.1oC

NG RELATIVE DENSITY 60oF 15.5oC
1 atm 101.3kPa = 0.55 AIR=1

NG FLAMMABLE LIMITS 68oF 20oC
1 atm 101.3kPa AIR 5-15% VOLUME

NG FLAMMABLE LIMITS 68oF 20oC
1 atm 101.3kPa OXY 5-60% VOLUME

 

Multi-torch Oxy Fuel Cutting = lower cost than Plasma

 

 

INDUSTRIAL GASES
ACETYLENE

 

ACETYLENE NORTH AMERICA
CYL VALVE COMMERCIAL CGA 300

MOST BTUs IN INNER FLAME QUICKEST
PRE HEAT TIMES ESPECIALLY BENEFICIAL FOR HIGH
VOLUME REPETIVE CUTS ON PARTS <12 mm. NOT COST
EFFECTIVE FOR HEATING APPLICATIONS.

 

 

ACETYLENE GAS DATA C2H2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 26.036

HYDROGEN CONTENT IN C2H2 7.7%
CARBON CONTENT IN C2H2 92.3%

SPECIFIC GRAVITY GAS
C2H2 = 0.9056 AIR=1

 

1-lb C2H2 = 14.6 cf
1-lb C2H2 = 0.4134 cu m

C2H2 AUTO IGNITION TEMP IN AIR
1 atm 101.3kPa = 581oF 305oC

C2H2 AUTO IGNITION TEMP OXY
1 atm 101.3kPa = 565oF 296oC

 

 

C2H2 CRITICAL DENSITY
14.4 lb/cf 231 kg/cum

C2H2 CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
95.31oF 35.15oC

 

 

C2H2 CRITICAL VOLUME
0.00398 cf/mol 0.1128 cum/Kmol

C2H2 1-lb = 14.7 cf
1kg = 0.9 cu m 917 cf

 

C2H2 SUBLIMATION POINT
1 atm 101kPa = -119oF -83.8oC

 

 

C2H2 HEAT VALUE PRIMARY FLAME
507 btu/cf SECONDARY 963 btu/cf

C2H2 btu/lb = 21387
C2H2 btu/cf = 1488

 

C2H2 HEAT VALVE PRIMARY FLAME
19 MJ/cm SECONDARY 36 MJ/cum

C2H2 FLAME VELOCITY IN AIR
11 cf/sec 182.9 cm/sec

 

 

Cutting speed depends on oxy flow and nozzle design

 

C2H2 FLAME VELOCITY IN OXY
22.7 cf/sec 6.91 m/sec

 

C2H2 FLAME TEMPERATURE WITH
OXYGEN 5900oF 3260oC

 

Cutting tip design influences cut kerf

 

C2H2 1 cf GAS = .069 lb
C2H2 1cu m GAS = 1.09 lb

 

Oxy fuel is still superior to plasma on parts >5 mm

 

C2H2 CALORIES PER kg = 12000
C2H2 CALORIES PER cu m = 13100

 

C2H2 FLAMMABLE LIMITS 68oF 20oC
1 atm AIR 2-82% OXY 2-93%

STORE C2H2 IN NO FLAME AREA
WITHOUT OXIDIZING GASES

 

 

C2H2 NON TOXIC MILD ANESTHETIC
75% IN AIR CAUSES SUFFOCATION

ABOVE 29 psi 200 kPa C2H2 CAN
DECOMPOSE - PRODUCE ENERGY

 

 

Which is carburizing, oxidizing and Neutral?

C2H2 HIGHLY FLAMMABLE AND
EXPLOSIVE IF CYLINDER HEATED

C2H2 IN EVENT OF FIRE
USE CO2 OR POWDER EXTINGUISHERS

 

The fuel gets the cut started,
the hotter the fuel the faster the cut start

 

AVOID C2H2 CONTACT WITH Cu
SILVER MERCURY

 

The oxygen is responsible for the cut

USE STEEL OR WROUGHT IRON IN
C2H2 PIPE INSTALLATION

USE BRASS WITH LESS THAN 70% Cu
CONTENT FOR REGULATOR FITTINGS

SILVER ALLOYS USED FOR BRAZING
MAX CONTENT SILVER 43% Cu 21%

 

 

MAXIMUM C2H2 CYLINDER PRESSURE
NORTH AMERICA 15 psi 103 kPa

INDUSTRIAL GASES
PROPANE

PROPANE NORTH AMERICA
CGA CYL VALVE 510

PROPANE DATA C3H8 LIQUID
PETROLEUM GAS LPG

BEST ALL ROUND "CYLINDER" GAS FOR PREHEAT AND CUTTING
ESPECIALLY ON PARTS >12 mm. MORE BTUs IN OUTER FLAME THAN ACETYLENE.

Propane best for cutting thick steels

PROPANE is COLORLESS & FLAMMABLE
FOUND IN both NG AND PETROLEUM

1-lb = 8.6 cf 1kg = 0.55 cu m
1-lb = 0.245 cu m

PROPANE 1 GAL = 0.245 cu m
4.28 lb OR 37 cf

 

FLAMMABLE LIMITS AIR 68oF 20oC
1 atm 101.3kPa = 3.4-13.8%

FLAMMABLE LIMITS OXY 68oF 20oC
1 atm 101.3kPa = 2.5-55%

PROPANE FLAME VELOCITY AIR 1 atm
101.3kPa = 1.48 ft/sec 0.45 m/sec

PROPANE FLAME VELOCITY IN OXY
12.2 ft/sec 3.7 m/sec

 

 

PROPANE HEAVIER THAN AIR
60oF 15.6oC PROPANE = 1.5 AIR=1

PROPANE VAPORIZATION PRESSURE
70oF 21oC = 109.7 psi 756.6 kPa

TOTAL HEAT AFTER VAPORIZATION
2498 btu/cf 104 MJ/cum

 

TOTAL HEAT AFTER VAPORIZATION
21800 btu/lb 51000 KJ/kg

PROPANE PLUS OXYGEM TEMPERATURE
4579oF 2526oC

PRIMARY FLAME HEAT
255 btu/cf 10 MJ/cum

OUTERER FLAME HEAT
2243 btu/cf 94 MJ/cum

PROPANE AUTO IGNITION TEMP AIR
1 atm 101.3kPa = 919oF 493oC

PROPANE AUTO IGNITION TEMP OXY
1 atm 101.3kPa = 874oF 468oC

PROPANE CRITICAL DENSITY
13.5 lb/cf 217 kg/cum

PROPANE CRITICAL PRESSURE
616 psi 4246 kPa abs

PROPANE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
206.3oF 96.8oC

PROPANE MILD ANESTHETIC CAN
CAUSE SUFFOCATION 50% IN AIR

PROPANE LIQUID CAN CAUSE
FREEZE BURNS

DON'T STORE PROPANE & OXIDIZING
GASES - LEAKS SEEK LOW LEVELS

IN EVENT OF FIRE KEEP CYLINDER
COOL WITH WATER SPRAY

USE CO2 POWDER EXTINGUISHERS ON
FLAME - STORE IN NO FLAME AREA

PROPANE IS NON CORROSIVE CAN
BE USED WITH MOST METALS

 

 

FUEL GAS
PROPYLENE

 

PROPYLENE DATA C3H6 LP GAS
BY PRODUCT OF OIL REFINING
VERY SIMILER TO LESS EXPENSIVE
PROPANE IN PERFORMANCE

 

 

PROPYLENE NON TOXIC WITH
MILD ANESTHETIC EFFECT

DON'T STORE PROPYLENE WITH
OXIDIZING GASES

AVOID OZONES CHLORINE GAS
FLUORINE HYD CHLORIDE

AVOID NITROGEN PEROXIDE
NEAR PROPYLENE

PROPYLENE IN AIR ABOVE 50%
VOLUME SUFFOCATION MAY OCCUR

PROPYLENE LIQUID
CAN CAUSE FREEZE BURNS

PROPYLENE IN OXY FLAME
TEMPERATURE 5193oF 2867oC

PRIMARY FLAME HEAT
433 btu/cf 16 MJ/cum

SECONDARY FLAME HEAT
1938 btu/cf 72 MJ/cum

 

PROPYLENE FLAME VELOCITY
IN OXY 15 ft/sec

HEAT VALUE AFTER VAPORIZATION
2371 btu/cf 88 MJ/cum

HEAT VALUE AFTER VAPORIZATION
21000 btu/lb 49000 KJ/kg

PROPYLENE AUTO IGNITION TEMP AIR
1 atm 101.3kPa 851oF 455oC

PROPYLENE CRITICAL DENSITY
14.5 lb/cf 232 kg/cum

PROPYLENE CRITICAL PRESSURE
670.3 psi 4620 kPa

PROPYLENE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
197.5oF 91.9oC

PROPYLENE FLAMMABLE LIMITS AIR
68oF 20oC 1 atm = 2-11%

PROPYLENE FLAMMABLE LIMITS OXY
68oF 20oC 1 atm = 2-53%

PROPYLENE HEAVIER THAN AIR
AIR=1 PROPYLENE = 1.48

PROPYLENE = 4.35 lb/GAL
1-lb = 9.7 cf 0.27 cu m

PROPYLENE VAPORIZATION PRESSURE
70oF 21oC = 132.8 psi 915.7 kPa

MAXIMUM PROPYLENE REGULATOR
PRESSURE IS CYLINDER PRESSURE

FUEL GAS
MAPP PROGRAM

THE BOTTOM, LINE I DONT BELIEVE INDUSTRY NEED THIS FUEL GAS MIX

MAPP C3H4
METHYLACETYLENE PROPADIENE

MAPP IS STABILIZED WITH
PROPANE ISOBUTANE ISOBUTYLENE

MAPP 1-lb = 9.06 cf 0.25 cu m
1kg = 19.9 cf 0.56 cu m

MAPP MOLECULAR WEIGHT 42.3
VAP. HEAT 227 btu/lb 0.53 MJ/kg

MAPP TOTAL HEAT OF COMBUSTION
21700 btu/lb 50.5 MJ/kg

MAPP BOILING RANGE 1 atm
101.3kPa = -36 -4oF / -38 -20oC

MAPP FLAME TEMPERATURE IN OXY
5301oF 2927oC

MAPP AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE
IN AIR 851oF 455oC

MAPP FLAME VELOCITY
15.4 ft/sec 4.69 m/sec

MAPP FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN OXY
2.5-60%

MAPP FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN AIR
2.5-11%

MAPP VAPORIZATION PRESSURE
70oF 21oC = 94 psi 645 kPa

MAPP SPECIFIC GRAVITY GAS
60oF 15.5oC = 1.48 AIR=1

STORAGE EQUIPMENT FOR MAPP
SAME AS PROPANE

MAPP SERVICE LINES
IRON - STEEL ALLOY - Cu OK

DON'T USE Cu CONTAINING
MORE THAN 60% Cu

REGULATORS TORCH MANIFOLDS
VAPORIZERS - USE MAPP APPROVED

Oxygen - Argon - CO2 Gas Data:

 

INDUSTRIAL GASES:

AWS A5.52 is the Specification for MIG shielding gas mixes. Ed was on the AWS comittee that wrote this gas spec. Extensive MIG gas selection information avaialable at the MIG weld section

 

"OXYGEN"
AWS SG-O
PROPERTIES/CONVERSIONS

OXYGEN NORTH AMERICA
CYL VALVE CGA 540

LIQUID OXYGEN DATA
MOLECULAR WEIGHT "32"

LIQ OXY PROPERTIES BOILING POINT
-297.29oF -182.96oC

LIQ OXY MELTING POINT
-361.53oF -218.65oC

LIQ OXY HEAT OF VAP 1 atm
91.7 btu/lb 213.3 kJ/kg

LIQ OXY RELATIVE DENSITY 1 atm
59oF 15oC = 1.105 AIR=1

LIQ OXY SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
70oF 21oC 1 atm = 0.219 btu/lb

LIQ OXY SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
70oF 21oC 1 atm = 0.917 kJ/kg

LIQ OXY CRITICAL TEMP GAS CANNOT
LIQUEFY -180.4oF -118oC

LIQ OXY CRITICAL PRESSURE 725psi
TO LIQUEFY AT CRITICAL TEMP

HEALTH HAZARDS - OXYGEN IN AIR
BELOW 16% = OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

LIQ OXY CAN CAUSE FREEZE BURNS
AVOID CONTACT - WARMER OBJECTS

MOST SUBSTANCES MIXED WITH OXY
RESULT IN EXPLOSIVE COMBUSTION

INCREASED OXY IN AIR INCREASES
COMBUSTION POTENTIAL

SEPARATE OXYGEN FROM FUEL
AVOID FLAMES IN STORAGE AREA

ALL CONTACT SURFACES WITH
OXYGEN MUST BE CLEAN

OXYGEN CONTAINERS TO BE CLEAN OF
ORGANIC RESIDUES / HYDROCARBONS

OXYGEN CONVERSION DATA
1-lb OXYGEN = 0.105 GAL

1-lb OXY = 0.4536 kg 0.3977 L
1-lb OXY = 12.076 scf 0.3174 cum

1kg OXY = 2.205-lb 0.8767 L
1kg OXY = 26.62 scf 0.6998 cum

1kg OXY = 0.2316 GAL
1scf OXY = 0.08281 lb 0.03756 kg

1scf OXY = 0.02628 cum
1scf = 0.008691 GAL 0.0329 L

1cu m OXY = 3.151 lb 38.04 scf
1cu m OXY = 1.429 kg

1cu m OXY = 0.3310 GAL
1cu m OXY = 1.2528 L

1 GAL OXY = 9.527 lb 4.322 kg
1 GAL OXY = 3.785 L

1 GAL OXY = 115.1 scf 3.025 cum
1 liter LIQ = 2.517 lb 30.38 scf

1 liter = 1.1417 kg 0.7983 cum
1 liter OXY = 0.2642 GAL

 

Note on Laser Cut Edges and Scale:

Laser cut surfaces with oxygen assist gas can influence weld quality. The laser [ oxy assist gas process accelerates the formation of oxidation, similar to oxy - fuel cutting. The laser cut surface scale is similar to rust. When oxygen is used as the laser assist cutting gas, the oxygen causes the formation iron oxides. Typically the laser cut surface is made up of black magnetite (ferrous oxides). Keep in mind also that carbon can migrate to the laser cut edge. This carbon can increase the carbon content of the future welds. When nitrogen is used as the assist gas, the amount of oxidation is minimal. Oxy assist gas laser cutting provides faster cutting speeds than nitrogen on carbon steels. Nitrogen is used for stainless.

The laser scale is brittle it can be detrimental to the weld and is also a poor surface for paint or coatings. For information on the removal of laser scale from cut edges, contact Johnson Diversy Industrial Group in Ohio, phone 513 326 8890

INDUSTRIAL GASES
"ARGON"
AWS SG-A

ARGON NORTH AMERICA
CYL VALVE CGA 580

ARGON MANUFACTURED FROM
AIR DISTILLATION

ARGON CONTENT IN AIR
0.93% BY VOLUME

Ar BOILING POINT AT 1 atm
101.3kPa 302.53oF -187.87oC

Ar CRITICAL DENSITY
33.44 lb/cf 535.6 kg/cum

Ar CRITICAL PRESSURE
707.2 psi 4874 kPa

Ar CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
-188.33oF -122.43oC

Ar DENSITY 32oF 0oC 1 atm 101.3
kPa = 0.111 lb/cf 1.784 kg/cum

ARGON HEAVIER THAN AIR
AIR=1 ARGON = 1.38

ARGON FREEZE POINT AT 1 atm
-308.66oF -189.28oC

ARGON NON TOXIC WILL CAUSE
ASPHYXIATION AT 50% AIR VOLUMN

ARGON LIQUID CAUSES
FREEZE BURNS

ARGON GAS INSTALLATION
USE MOST COMMON METALS

ARGON LIQUID INSTALLATION USE
AUSTENETIC NON FERROUS METALS

ARGON
CONVERSION DATA

1-lb = 0.4536kg
1-lb = 9.671 cf 0.2543 cu m

1-lb = 0.86 LIQ GAL 0.3255 L
1kg = 2.205-lb

1-kg = 21.32 cf 0.5605 cu m
1-kg = 0.1896 LIQ GAL 0.7176 L

1cu m = 3.933 lb 1.7840 kg
1cu m = 38.04 cf

1cu m = 0.3382 LIQ GAL 1.2802 L
1 LIQ GAL = 112.5 cf 2.957 cu m

1 LIQ GAL = 3.785 LIQ liter
1 liter LIQ = 3.072 lb 1.394 kg

1 liter LIQ = 0.2642 LIQ GAL
1 liter = 29.71 cf 0.7812 cu m

1 cf GAS = 0.02628 cu m
1 cf GAS = 0.1034 lb 0.0469 kg

1 cf GAS = 0.008893 LIQ GAL
1 cf GAS = 0.03366 LIQ liter

INDUSTRIAL GASES
"CARBON DIOXIDE"
AWS SG-C

 

 

 

 

CO2 PROPERTIES/CONVERSIONS

CO2 NORTH AMERICA
CYL VALVE 320

CARBON DIOXIDE CO2 DATA
MANUFACTURED FROM WASTE PRODUCTS

CO2 FROM COMBUSTION OF CARBON
COMPOUND - OXY eg ETHYLENE IN O2

CO2 CRITICAL DENSITY
29.2 lb/cf 468 kg/cum

CO2 CRITICAL PRESSURE
1070.8 psi 7380 kPa

CO2 CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
87.8oF 31oC

CO2 DENSITY 32oF 0oC 1 atm 101.3
kPa = 0.1234 lb/cf 1.977 kg/cum

CO2 TRIPLE POINT 60 psi 416 kPa
-69.9oF -56.6oC

CO2 HEAVIER THAN AIR
AIR=1 CO2 = 1.5291

CO2 CAN BE ABSORBED BY THE
BLOOD FROM LUNGS AND SKIN

CO2 STIMULATES RESPIRATORY RATE
3% CAN INCREASE BREATHING RATE

CO2 TO 5% IN AIR CAUSES HEADACHE
TO 10% INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE

CO2 TO 20% IN AIR CAUSES
CRAMPS UNCONSCIOUSNESS STROKE

AT ANY SIGN OF AFFECT
MOVE TO VENTILATED AREA

LIQUID CO2 FREE STATE PRODUCES
DRY ICE -108oF -78oC FREEZE BURNS

PROVIDE VENTILATED AREA WITH CO2
KEEP CYLINDER UP RIGHT

CO2 HEAVIER THAN AIR - IF LEAKS
OCCUR BEWARE GAS AT GROUND LEVEL

DRY CO2 NON CORROSIVE GAS
USE WITH MOST METALS

AT HI TEMP ABOVE 1292oF 700oC
CO2 OXIDIZING EFFECT SOME METAL

MOIST CO2 USE ACID RESISTANT
STEEL ALLOYS WITH HIGH COPPER

MOIST CO2 USE COPPER BRASS
BRONZE - AVOID AIR WITH CO2 MIX

AVOID AMMONIA TRYMETHYAMINE
ETHYLAMINE METHYLAMINE WITH CO2

AVOID DIMETHYLAMINE CO2 MAY
CAUSE VIOLENT ACTION

CO2
CONVERSION DATA

1-lb = 0.0005 TONS 0.4536kg
1-lb = 8.741 cf 0.2294 cu m

1-lb = 0.118 LIQ GAL 0.4469 L
1kg = .0011 TONS 2.205-lb

1kg = 19.253 cf 0.5058 cu m
1kg = 0.2603 LIQ GAL 0.986 L

1 cf GAS = 0.1144 lb 0.05189 kg
1 cf GAS = 0.02628 cum 0.05113 L

1 cf GAS = 0.0135 GAL
1cu m GAS = 4.36 lb 0.00218 TONS

1cu m GAS = 0.5146 GAL 1.948 L
1cu m GAS = 1.977 kg 38.04 cf

1 LIQ GAL = 8.47 lb 0.00424 TONS
1 LIQ GAL = 3.842 kg 74.04 cf

1 LIQ GAL = 1.9431 cu m 3.785 L
1 LIQ L = 2.238 lb 0.001119 TONS

1 LIQ L = 1.0151 kg 19.562 cf
1 LIQ L = 0.5134 cu m 0.2642 GAL

 

INDUSTRIAL GASES
NITROGEN
AWS SG-N

 

 

 

 

 

NORTH AMERICA
CYL VALVE CGA 580

N2 MANUFACTURED SAME AS OXYGEN
DISTILLATION OF AIR

N2 COLORLESS TASTELESS
NONFLAMMABLE

N2 CANNOT SUPPORT COMBUSTION
INERT EXCEPT AT HI TEMP

N2 BOILING POINT AT 1 atm
101.3 kPa -320oF -195.8oC

N2 IONIZATION ENERGY
14.5 VOLTS

N2 CRITICAL LIMITS DENSITY
19.6 lb/cf 314 kg/cum

N2 CRITICAL LIMITS PRESSURE
493 psia 3400 kPa

N2 CRITICAL LIMITS TEMPERATURE
-232.29oF -146.85oC

N2 DENSITY AT 70oF 1atm 101.3kPa
0.0724 lb/cf

N2 DENSITY 21.1oC 101.3kPa 1atm
1.1605 kg/cum

N2 MELTING POINT 1atm 101.3kPa
-345.7oF -209.8oC

N2 RELATIVE DENSITY AT 68oF 20oC
1atm = 0.967 AIR=1

N2 CAN CAUSE ASPHYXIATION
50% IN AIR CAUSES SUFFOCATION

N2 LIQUID CAUSES
FREEZE BURNS

GASEOUS N2 INSTALLATION
COMMON METALS MAY BE USED

USE AUSTENETIC METALS FOR
LIQUID NITROGEN

N2 CONVERSION DATA
1-lb = 13.803 cf 0.3627 cum

1-lb = 0.1481 LIQ GAL 0.5606 L
1-lb = 0.4536kg

1kg = 2.205-lbs
1kg = 30.42 cf 0.7996 cum

1kg = 0.3262 LIQ GAL
1kg = 1.2349 liter

1 cum = 2.757 lb 1.2506 kg
1 cum = 0.408 LIQ GAL 1.544 L

1 LIQ GAL = 6.745 lb 3.06 kg
1 LIQ GAL = 93.11 cf

1 LIQ GAL = 2.447 cum 3.785 L
1 Liter = 1.782 lb LIQUID

1 liter = 0.8083 kg 0.2642 GAL
1 liter = 24.6 cf 0.6464 cum

N2 GAS 1 cf = 0.02628 cum
1 cf = 0.0724 lb 0.0329 kg

N2 GAS 1 cf = 0.01074 LIQ GAL
1 cf = 0.04065 liter

 

INDUSTRIAL GASES
HELIUM
AWS SG-He

HELIUM NORTH AMERICA
CYL VALVE CGA 580

HELIUM DATA - AN INERT GAS
He MOLECULAR WEIGHT 4.003

HELIUM EXTRACTED FROM HELIUM
BEARING NATURAL GAS

HELIUM BOILING POINT 1 atm
101.3kPa = -452oF -268.9oC

HELIUM DENSITY AT 32oF OoC 1 atm
0.0111 lb/cf 0.1785 kg/cum

He RELATIVE DENSITY 32oF 0oC
1 atm 101.3kPa = 0.138 AIR=1

HELIUM IONIZATION ENERGY
24.6 VOLTS

HELIUM CRITICAL DENSITY
4.347 lb/cf 69.64 kg/cum

HELIUM CRITICAL PRESSURE
33.82 psi 233.1 kPa

He CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
-450.27oF -267.95oC

He MELTING POINT AT 0.037 atm
3.757 kPa = -456.03oF -271.15oC

He CAN CAUSE ASPHYXIATION
50% IN AIR CAUSES SUFFOCATION

He LIQUID CAN CAUSE SERIOUS
FREEZE BURNS

AUSTENETIC GRADES MAXIMUM
0.08% CARBON MAGNESIUM

AUSTENETIC GRADES 0.5-6%
MAGNESIUM FOR LIQUID He

He GOOD DIFFUSION CAPABILITY
SEALS GASKETS MADE FROM TEFLON

HELIUM CONVERSION DATA
1-lb = 96.71 cf 2.542 cu m

1-lb = 0.9593 LIQ GAL 3.631 L
1-lb = 0.4536kg

1kg = 2.205-lb 213.2 cf
1kg = 2.115 GAL 8.006 L

1 cf GAS = 0.01034 lb 0.0047 kg
1 cf GAS = 0.02628 cu m

1 cf GAS = 0.00992 GAL 0.0375 L
1cu m GAS = 0.3935 lb 0.1785 kg

1cu m GAS = 38.04 cf
1cu m GAS = 0.3775 GAL 1.429 L

1 LIQ GAL = 1.0423 lb 0.4728 kg
1 LIQ GAL = 100.80 cf 2.649 cu m

1 LIQ GAL = 3.785 liter
HELIUM

 

INDUSTRIAL GASES
HYDROGEN
SG-H

 

 

 

 

 

HYDROGEN NORTH AMERICA
CYL VALVE CGA 350

HYDROGEN DATA
MANUFACTURED BY ELECTROLYSIS

HYDROGEN ALSO MANUFACTURED BY
OXIDIZING COAL OR HYDROCARBONS

HYDROGEN COMBUSTION TEMP IN AIR
3713oF 2045oC OXY 4820oF 2660oC

H2 AUTO IGNITION TEMP AT 1 atm
101.3kPa IN AIR 1060oF 572oC

H2 AUTO IGNITION TEMP AT 1 atm
101.3kPa IN OXY 1040oF 560oC

H2 BOILING POINT AT 1 atm
-422.96oF -252.76oC

H2 EXPLOSIVE LIMIT IN AIR
4.1-74.2% IN OXY 4.7-93.9%

H2 CRITICAL DENSITY
1.94 lb/cf 31 kg/cum

H2 CRITICAL PRESSURE
188.2 psi 1297 kPa

H2 CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
-399.80oF -239.91oC

H2 DENSITY AT 70oF 21oC 1 atm
101.3kPa 0.0052 lb/cf 0.0834 kg/cum

H2 IONIZATION POTENTIAL 13.5V
H2 IS COLORLESS AND FLAMMABLE

H2 IS LIGHTER THAN AIR
AIR=1 H2 = 0.069

H2 BURNS IN AIR IN AN ALMOST
INVISIBLE FLAME

H2 IGNITES EASY H2 + OXY
OR AIR FORM AN EXPLOSIVE GAS

H2 COOLED TO ITS BOILING POINT
IS TRANSPARENT ODORLESS LIQUID

AS LIQUID H2 IS ABOUT
25% AS HEAVY AS WATER

H2 LIQUID TO GAS EXPANDS
APPROXIMATELY 850 TIMES

H2 CAUSES ASPHYXIATION AT
50% VOLUME IN AIR

H2 AS LIQUID CAN CAUSE
SERIOUS FREEZE BURNS

AVOID CHLORINE FLUORINE BROMINE
WITH H2 - EXPLOSIVE RESULTS

H2 IGNITES ON CONTACT WITH
PLATINUM - Cu OXIDE N2 OXIDES

H2 WILL REACT VIOLENTLY WITH
PULVERIZED NICKEL - MAGNESIUM

H2 WILL REACT VIOLENTLY WITH
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL Ca CARBONATE

H2 ESCAPING GAS IGNITES
SPONTANEOUSLY

BEFORE OPENING CYLINDER VALVE
VERIFY REGULATOR CONNECTION

STORE H2 IN A NO FLAME AREA
WITHOUT OXIDIZING GASES

H2 MOST METALS THAT SUPPORT
OPERATING PRESSURE MAY BE USED

H2 DON'T USE POROUS METALS
DIFFUSION THROUGH POROUS METALS

H2 LEAKS OCCUR EASY THROUGH
REGULAR GAS JOINTS

USE FLASHBACK PREVENTION
DEVICES WITH H2

H2 CONVERSION DATA
1-lb = 192 cf 5.047 cu m

1-lb = 1.6928 LIQ GAL 6.408 L
1-lb = 0.4536kg

1kg = 423.3 cf 11.126 cu m
1kg = 3.733 GAL 14.128 liter

1kg = 2.205-lb
1 GAL = 0.5906 lb 0.2679 kg

1 GAL = 113.41 cf
1 GAL = 2.981 cu m 3.785 liter

1cu m = 0.1982 lb 0.0899 kg
1cu m = 0.336 LIQ GAL 1.27 L

1cu m = 38.04 cf
1 liter = 30 cf 0.788 cu m

1 liter = 0.2642 GAL
1 cf GAS H2 = 0.0052 lb

1 cf GAS H2 = 0.00236 kg
1 cf GAS = 0.02628 cu m

1 cf GAS = 0.0088 LIQ GAL
1 cf GAS = 0.0334 liter LIQ