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CSA Canadian Standards Association Steels

As with all the steel data this is a guide only no warranteies
are given on data accuracy or on omissions

ALL WELDS SHOULD BE QUALIFIED BEFORE THE WELD CONSUMABLES ARE APPROVED.

CAN3-G40.20-M81 REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLLED WELDED STRUCTURAL STEELS
CAN3-G40.21-M81 STRUCTURAL STEELS
G30.12.M BILLET STEEL BARS CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
G30.16M WELDABLE LOW ALLOY STEEL DEFORMED BARS CONCRETE
G164 HOT DIP GALVANIZED
G189 SPRAYED METAL COATING.

CSA CLASS G40.21M (260W) THREE DIGITS = MINIMUM YIELD IN MPa (260 MPa)
Metric Conversion 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa
1 MPa = 145.03 psi

CSA CLASS G40.21M (260W) LETTERS W-G-Q-T-R-A = Steel Characteristics

CSA (W) Weldable construction steel impact properties not considered.
CSA (G) General construction steels weld under controlled conditions.
CSA (T) Weldable with good impact properties.
CSA (WT) Welable Notch Tough Steels
CSA (R) Atmospherica corrosion Resistant Weathering Steels.
CSA (A) Weathering steels with good impact properties.
CSA (AT) Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Weldable Notch Tough steels.
CSA (Q) Quenched Tempered Low Alloy Steels
CSA (QT) Quenched Tempered Low Alloy Notch Tough Steel Plate

Steels	Yield ksi	Tensile ksi MPa	Description	Preheat Post heat	UNS	Chemistry weld data
CSA 23OG	33	55-72	Construction steels			carb 0.26 Mn 1.2 Si 0.4 E6010-11 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 260 T	37	65-85				carb 0.2 Mn 0.5-1.5 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 260 W	SEE 260 T		Note CSA 260W 260WT - 300W compare with ASTM A36			carb 0.2 Mn 0.5/1.5 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1

CSA SMAW SPEC W48.1M
E410XX = 60K Tensile
E480XX = 70 K Tensile

CSA SMAW SPEC W48.38 Low Alloy Mpa Tensiles
E480 - E550 (80k) - E620 (90k) - E690 (100k) E760 (110k)

Metric Conversion 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa 1 MPa = 145.03 psi

CSA Flux Cored Spec W48.5M
CSA Sub Arc W48.6M

SMAW and GMAW Mechanical Strength
E6010 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi.
E6011 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi.
E7010 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.
E7018 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.

MIG E70S-3-6 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.

Mechanical Strength of Gas Shielded Flux Cored Electrodes from the
ANSI/AWS A5.29. 1198 Specification
Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

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Steels	Yield ksi	Tensile ksi MPa	Description	Preheat Post heat	UNS	Chemistry weld data
CSA 300T	43	65-90	Weldable steels with good impacts			carb 0.22 Mn 0.8-1.5 Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 300W	See 300T		Weldable construction steel impact properties not considered. 300W- 300WT-350WT - 350A -350AT-380W-380WT check ASTM A441 ASTM A500C			carb 0.22 Mn0.5-1.5 Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 350G	50	70-100	Note CSA 260W 260WT - 300W compare with			carb 0.28 max Mn 1.65 max Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1

CSA CLASS G40.21M (260W) THREE DIGITS = MINIMUM YIELD IN MPa (260 MPa)
Metric Conversion 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa
1 MPa = 145.03 psi

CSA CLASS G40.21M (260W) LETTERS W-G-Q-T-R-A = Steel Characteristics

CSA (W) Weldable construction steel impact properties not considered.
CSA (G) General construction steels weld under controlled conditions.
CSA (T) Weldable with good impact properties.
CSA (WT) Welable Notch Tough Steels
CSA (R) Atmospherica corrosion Resistant Weathering Steels.
CSA (A) Weathering steels with good impact properties.
CSA (AT) Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Weldable Notch Tough steels.
CSA (Q) Quenched Tempered Low Alloy Steels
CSA (QT) Quenched Tempered Low Alloy Notch Tough Steel Plate

Steels	Yield ksi	Tensile ksi MPa	Description	Preheat Post heat	UNS	Chemistry weld data
CSA 350W	50	65-90	300W- 300WT-350WT - 350A -350AT-380W-380WT check ASTM A441 ASTM A500C IF WELDING UNPAINTED WEATHERING STEELS CONSIDER E8018 W E80T1-W			carb 0.28 max Mn 0.5 /1.5 Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 350T	50	70-95				carb 0.22 Mn0.8-1.5 Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 350A	50	70-95	300W- 300WT-350WT - 350A -350AT-380W-380WT check ASTM A441 ASTM A500C			carb 0.8 max Mn 0.75/1.35 Cr 0.7 Ni 0.9 Cu 0.2 / 0.6 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1 For weathering E8018W

CSA CLASS G40.21M (260W) THREE DIGITS = MINIMUM YIELD IN MPa (260 MPa)
Metric Conversion 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa
1 MPa = 145.03 psi

CSA CLASS G40.21M (260W) LETTERS W-G-Q-T-R-A = Steel Characteristics

CSA (W) Weldable construction steel impact properties not considered.
CSA (G) General construction steels weld under controlled conditions.
CSA (T) Weldable with good impact properties.
CSA (WT) Welable Notch Tough Steels
CSA (R) Atmospherica corrosion Resistant Weathering Steels.
CSA (A) Weathering steels with good impact properties.
CSA (AT) Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Weldable Notch Tough steels.
CSA (Q) Quenched Tempered Low Alloy Steels
CSA (QT) Quenched Tempered Low Alloy Notch Tough Steel Plate

Steels	Yield ksi	Tensile ksi MPa	Description	Preheat Post heat	UNS	Chemistry weld data
CSA 350R	50	70-95				carb 0.16 Mn 0.75 Si 0.75 Cr 0.3 /1.25 Ni 0.9 Cu 0.2 /0.6 E8018W
CSA 400G	58	80 - 105				carb 0.28 MAX Mn 1.65 Si 0.4 MAX E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 400W	58	75-100	400W - 400WT -400A - 400AT check ASTM A572-60-65 A607-60-65			carb 0.23 Mn0.5 - 1.5 Si 0.4 E70XX
CSA 400T	58	75-100				carb 0.22max Mn 0.8-1.5 Si 0.4 E70XX E70S-3-6 E71T-1
CSA 400A	58	75-100	400W - 400WT -400A - 400AT check ASTM A572-60-65 A607-60-65			carb 0.2max Mn 0.75-1.35 Cr 0.7 Ni 0.9 Cu 0.2 0.6 E8018W

CSA ELECTRODE SPECIFICATION:
CSA SMAW SPEC W48.1M
E410XX = 60K Tensile
E480XX = 70 K Tensile

CSA SMAW SPEC W48.38 Low Alloy Mpa Tensiles
E480 - E550 (80k) - E620 (90k) - E690 (100k) E760 (110k)

Metric Conversion 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa 1 MPa = 145.03 psi

CSA Flux Cored Spec W48.5M
CSA Sub Arc W48.6M

MIG E70S-3-6 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.

Mechanical Strength of Gas Shielded Flux Cored Electrodes from the
ANSI/AWS A5.29. 1198 Specification
Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

AWS Classification	Tensile ksi	Tensile MPa	Yield ksi	Yield Mpa
E6XTX-X-XM	60 - 80	410 - 550	50	340
E7XTX-X-XM	70 - 90	480 - 620	58	400
E8XTX-X-XM	80 - 100	550 - 690	68	470
E9XTX-X-XM	90 - 110	620 - 760	78	540
E10XTX-K9-K9M	SEE SPEC		88	610
(M) means an argon mix req, 75 to 80 argon balance CO2	All DCEP	E71T-1 Second number 1 = all position	E70T-1 Second number 0 = flat and horizontal

Brittleness:
The ease at which the weld or metal will break or crack without appreciable deformation. When a metal gets harder it becomes more brittle. Preheat, inter-pass temp controls and post heat all are designed to reduce the potential for brittleness.

Welding alloy steels often may require unique weld or heat treat considerations. Compare CSA steels chemistry and mechanicals with a standard A36 steel or ASTM designations provided. Remember this site is only a guide, weld responsibility starts with "you" First verify the weld consumable and then the material heat treat recommendations.

Steels Yield
ksi
Tensile
ksi
MPa Description Preheat Post heat UNS Chemistry
weld data

CSA 480W 70 85-115 Check ASTM A607-70

carb 0.26max
Mn 0.5-1.5
Si 0.4

CSA 480T 70 85-115
carb 0.26
Mn 0.8-1.5

E8018

CSA 480A 70 85 - 115

carb 0.2 max
Mn 1-1.6
Cr 0.7
Ni 0.25 - 0.5
Cu0.2-0.6

E8018W

CSA 700Q > 101 CSA 700QT - 77Q ASTM A514 A517 carb 0.2max
Mn 1.5
Si 0.15 - 0.35
boron <0.005

E11018-M

The "yield strength". The stress that can be applied to a base metal or weld without "permanent deformation" of the metal.
The "tensile strength". The ultimate tensile strength, the maximum tensile strength that the metal or weld can with stand before "failure occurs".

STRESS RELIEVING (SR) BASIC GUIDELINES:

STRESS RELIEF - CONTROLLED HEATING & COOLING TO REDUCE STRESS.
STRESS RELIEF MACHINED PARTS FOR DIMENSIONAL STABILITY.
STRESS RELIEF SLOW HEATING AND COOLING REQUIRED
CONFIRM WITH CODE SPECIFICAIONS FOR STRESS RELIEF REQUIREMENTS.

TYPICAL STRESS RELIEF SOAK TIME ONE HOUR PER INCH OF THICKNESS	SR HEAT & COOL RATE PER HOUR 400oF 204oC DIVIDE THICKER PART
PARTS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES SR MAX TEMP DIFFERENCE 75oF 24oC	STRESS RELIEF CARBON STEELS 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC
STRESS RELIEF CARBON 0.5% Mo 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC	SR 1% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC
SR 1.25 % CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC	SR 2% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC
SR 2.25 % CHROME 1% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC	SR 5% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC
SR 7% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC	SR 9% CHROME 1% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC
SR 12% CHROME 410 STEEL 1550oF 843oC TO 1600oF 871oC	SR 16% CHROME 430 STEEL 1400oF 760oC TO 1500oF 815oC
SR 9% NICKEL 1025oF 552oC TO 1085oF 585oC	FOR 300 SERIES STAINLESS SR WILL RESULT IN CARBIDE PRECIPITATION
WITH LOW CARBON 300 SERIES MAX SR 1050oF 566oC	SR 400 SERIES CLAD STAINLESS 1100oF 593oC TO 1350oF 732oC
SR CLAD MONEL INCONEL Cu NICKEL 1150oF 621oC TO 1200oF 649oC	STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B 0 500oF 260oC 15 MIN
STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B H24 300oF 149oC 60 MIN	HK31A H24 550oF 288oC 30 MIN HM21A T8-T81 700oF 371oC 30 MIN
MAGNESIUM WITH MORE THAN 1.5% ALUMINUM STRESS RELIEF	MAGNESIUM CAST ALLOYS AM100A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN
AZ-63A 81A 91C & 92A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN

If steels are quenched and tempered to match properties electrode selection and
heat treatment recommendations critical.

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Fatigue:
The ability of a metal or weld to withstand repeated loads. Fatigue failures occur at stress levels less than the metal or weld yield strength. Some things that can influence fatigue failure:

Excess weld profiles.

Welds which cause undercut.

FCAW or SMAW slag inclusions.

Lack of weld penetration.

Excess weld heat, typically from multi-pass welds without inter-pass temp controls.

Items to a part that adds restraint while welding.

Items added to a part that can concentrate stresses in a specific location.

Incorrect selection of filler metal, weld too weak or weld too strong.

Hardness:
The resistance of the metal or the weld to penetration. Hardness is related to the strength of the metal. A good way to test a weld after the weld and heat treatment are complete, is to test the hardness of weld and the base metal surrounding the weld.

Ductility:
The amount that a metal or weld will deform without breaking. Measured on welds by the % of elongation in a 2 inch 51 mm test piece. An E71T-1 flux cored electrode should result in a minimum of 20% elongation. An E70S--6 MIG weld should produce approx 22%.

Toughness:
The ability of the metal or weld sample at a predetermined temperature to withstand a shock.
The test for toughness measures the impact of a pendulum on a notched specimen. You may see that the required impact properties for the metal or weld are 20ft-lbf @ -20 F (27 j @ -29C)

If you are welding a carbon steel and you don't know what the composition is or what the weld consumable should be, try the following:

If the metal is thicker than 6 mm preheat to 150F.

Use either an E7018 stick electrode, an 0.035 or 0.045 E70S-6 MIG wire. For your all position welds an E71T-1 electrode wire.

For MIG welding use an argon 10 to 15% CO2 mix.

For flux cored use a mix with 20 to 25% CO2.

Ensure with multi-pass welds you use inter-pass temp control. Ensure the inter-pass temp weld temperature does not exceed 200F.

If possible do destructive test of a weld sample.

If possible have the hardness and grain size checked after welding.